Episode 343: Canada’s Defence Dilemma: Sovereignty, NATO, and the U.S. Alliance

In this episode, we host Norman Leach to explore whether Canada is entering a new era in defence policy. Drawing on his background in military history, defence commentary, and international business, Norman examines the deeper strategic questions now facing Ottawa: how sovereign Canadian defence policy really is, how far Canada can afford to depend on the United States, and what a more uncertain relationship with Washington means for Canada’s future security posture. Set against growing concern over Arctic security, renewed debate over defence spending, and wider questions about alliance cohesion, this conversation looks at how Canada is being forced to rethink the balance between dependence, sovereignty, and strategic credibility.

We discuss whether the core problem in Canadian defence policy is underinvestment, overreliance on the United States, or a deeper lack of strategic clarity. We also explore the tension between sovereignty and interdependence through NORAD, the challenge of reducing dependence on U.S. defence procurement without undermining interoperability, and the extent to which Ottawa’s growing focus on the Arctic reflects a genuine strategic shift rather than simply a response to political uncertainty in Washington.

Norman Leach is a Canadian military historian, writer, public speaker, and defence-industry leader whose work spans military history, strategic commentary, and international business. He holds a degree in Political Science and History from the University of Manitoba, has contributed to Canadian Defence Review and other military and historical journals, and has written widely on war, peacekeeping, leadership, and the evolution of Canada’s armed forces.

Alongside his work as a historian and author, Norman has extensive experience in international business, trade, and public policy. Over the course of his career, he has helped establish the Alberta Trade Office in Mexico City, advised provincial cabinet ministers, led major Canadian chambers of commerce, and taught entrepreneurship, marketing, and international trade at institutions including Mount Royal University, SAIT, the University of Manitoba, and the University of Alberta. He has also worked in film and documentary production, serving as historian on Passchendaele (2008) and contributing to documentaries including The Road to Passchendaele (2008), Arctic Manhunt: Hunt for the Mad Trapper (2009), and Hitler’s Stealth Fighter (2009).

The International Risk Podcast brings you conversations with global experts, frontline practitioners, and senior decision-makers who are shaping how we understand and respond to international risk. From geopolitical instability and organised crime to cybersecurity threats and hybrid warfare, each episode explores the forces transforming our world and what smart leaders must do to navigate them. Whether you’re a board member, policymaker, or risk professional, The International Risk Podcast delivers actionable insights, sharp analysis, and real-world stories that matter.

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Dominic Bowen is the host of The International Risk Podcast and Europe’s leading expert on international risk and crisis management. As Head of Strategic Advisory and Partner at one of Europe’s leading risk management consulting firms, Dominic advises CEOs, boards, and senior executives across the continent on how to prepare for uncertainty and act with intent. He has spent decades working in war zones, advising multinational companies, and supporting Europe’s business leaders. Dominic is the go-to business advisor for leaders navigating risk, crisis, and strategy; trusted for his clarity, calmness under pressure, and ability to turn volatility into competitive advantage. Dominic equips today’s business leaders with the insight and confidence to lead through disruption and deliver sustained strategic advantage.

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